Monday, April 29, 2013

CIA gave bags of cash to Afghan leader

(Reuters) - Tens of millions of U.S. dollars in cash were delivered by the CIA in suitcases, backpacks and plastic shopping bags to the office of Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai for more than a decade, according to the New York Times, citing current and former advisers to the Afghan leader.

The so-called "ghost money" was meant to buy influence for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) but instead fuelled corruption and empowered warlords, undermining Washington's exit strategy from Afghanistan, the newspaper quoted U.S. officials as saying.

"The biggest source of corruption in Afghanistan", one American official said, "was the United States."

The CIA declined to comment on the report and the U.S. State Department did not immediately comment. The New York Times did not publish any comment from Karzai or his office.

"We called it ?ghost money'," Khalil Roman, who served as Karzai's chief of staff from 2002 until 2005, told the New York Times. "It came in secret and it left in secret."

For more than a decade the cash was dropped off every month or so at the Afghan president's office, the newspaper said.

Handing out cash has been standard procedure for the CIA in Afghanistan since the start of the war.

The cash payments to the president's office do not appear to be subject to oversight and restrictions placed on official American aid to the country or the CIA's formal assistance programs, like financing Afghan intelligence agencies, and do not appear to violate U.S. laws, said the New York Times.

There was no evidence that Karzai personally received any of the money, Afghan officials told the newspaper. The cash was handled by his National Security Council, it added.

U.S. and Afghan officials familiar with the payments were quoted as saying that the main goal in providing the cash was to maintain access to Karzai and his inner circle and to guarantee the CIA's influence at the presidential palace, which wields tremendous power in Afghanistan's highly centralized government.

Much of the money went to warlords and politicians, many with ties to the drug trade and in some cases the Taliban, the New York Times said. U.S. and Afghan officials were quoted as saying the CIA supported the same patronage networks that U.S. diplomats and law enforcement agents struggled to dismantle, leaving the government in the grip of organized crime.

In 2010, Karzai said his office received cash in bags from Iran, but that it was a transparent form of aid that helped cover expenses at the presidential palace. He said at the time that the United States made similar payments.

The latest New York Times report said much of the Iranian cash, like the CIA money, went to pay warlords and politicians.

For most of Karzai's 11-year reign, there has been little interest in anti-corruption in the army or police. The country's two most powerful institutions receive billions of dollars from donors annually but struggle just to recruit and maintain a force bled by high rates of desertion.

(Additional reporting by Alistair Bell and Sarah Lynch in Washington; Writing by Michael Perry; Editing by Mark Bendeich)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/millions-cia-ghost-money-paid-afghan-presidents-office-020006835.html

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Sunday, April 28, 2013

Taliban start spring Afghan offensive with bombing

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) ? Taliban insurgents marked the start of their spring offensive on Sunday by claiming responsibility for a remote-controlled roadside bomb blast that killed three police officers.

In past years, spring has marked a significant upsurge in fighting between the Taliban and NATO forces along with their local allies. This fighting season is a key test, as the international coalition is scheduled to hand over security responsibilities to Afghan forces next year.

In Sunday's attack in Ghazni province in southern Afghanistan, a bomb exploded under police vehicles traveling to the district of Zana Khan to take part in a military operation against insurgents, Mohammad Ali Ahmadi, the province's deputy governor, told The Associated Press.

He said the blast destroyed the vehicle carrying Col. Mohammad Hussain, the deputy provincial police chief, killing him and two other officers. Ahmadi said two officers also were wounded in the insurgent operation, which he said clearly targeted Hussain.

Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid claimed responsibility in an email sent to news media. He called the bombing the first attack in the Taliban spring offensive.

April already has been the deadliest month this year for attacks across the country, where Afghan security forces are increasingly taking the lead on the battlefield in the war that has lasted more than 11 years.

Insurgents have escalated attacks recently in a bid to gain power and influence ahead of next year's presidential election and the planned withdrawal of most U.S. and other foreign combat troops by the end of 2014. U.S.-backed efforts to try to reconcile the Islamic militant movement with the Afghan government are gaining little traction.

There are about 100,000 international troops in Afghanistan, including 66,000 Americans. A top priority of the U.S. force, which is slated to drop to about 32,000 by February 2014, is boosting the strength and confidence of Afghan forces.

Also Sunday, the U.S. Air Force said the coalition plane that crashed on Saturday in southern Afghanistan, killing four service members, was a MC-12 Liberty aircraft.

The twin-engine turboprop plane provides intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, or direct support to ground forces. It crashed in Zabul province, about 180 kilometers (110 miles) northeast of Kandahar Air Field, the Air Force statement said.

The four Air Force service members were deployed to the 361st Expeditionary Reconnaissance Squadron with the 451st Air Expeditionary Wing at Kandahar Air Field, the statement said. Their bodies were recovered. The cause of the crash is under investigation, but NATO has said initial reports indicate there was no enemy activity in the area where the plane went down.

Taliban has named its spring offensive after Khalid ibn al-Walid, a companion of Islam's Prophet Muhammad who became a legendary Muslim military commander known as the "Drawn Sword of God." The insurgents said their forces planned to infiltrate enemy ranks to conduct "insider attacks" and target military and diplomatic sites with suicide bombers.

In the eastern province of Nangarhar, two local officials said insurgents attacked a U.S. convoy as it passed through two nearby villages on Sunday and that four Afghan civilians were killed in the crossfire when the soldiers fired back. The U.S.-led international military coalition said it was investigating reports of civilian casualties in the province on Sunday but could not immediately confirm them.

The coalition also said Afghan and foreign forces arrested six insurgents on Sunday ? three in Helmand province, one in Baghlan province and two in Kandahar province. The report said the two taken into custody in Kandahar city included a local Taliban leader who allegedly coordinated assassinations, sniper ambushes and other attacks against coalition and Afghan forces.

___

Follow Thomas Wagner on Twitter at: www.twitter.com/tjpwagner

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/taliban-start-spring-afghan-offensive-bombing-171103514.html

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Avalanche fire coach Joe Sacco

DENVER (AP) ? Colorado Avalanche coach Joe Sacco was fired on Sunday after the team missed the playoffs for the third straight season.

The Avs never got on track in the lockout-shortened season and finished last in the Western Conference.

Sacco was in his fourth season in charge of Colorado and wound up with a 130-134-30 mark. He had one year left on his contract.

"The organization believes a change of leadership behind the bench is needed going forward," general manager Greg Sherman said in a release. "Joe has worked for this franchise for eight seasons and he is a dedicated and hard-working coach. We appreciate all he has done and wish him the best in the future."

The Avs will soon begin their search for a replacement.

Sacco spent two seasons in charge of the organization's American Hockey League affiliate squad, the Lake Erie Monsters, before taking over the Avs in 2009 after the firing of Tony Granato.

A former NHL player, Sacco preached a fast-paced style and it served the youthful Avalanche well in his first season as the team earned a postseason spot. He was even a finalist for the NHL's coach of the year.

But Colorado couldn't duplicate that success.

Moments after a 3-1 loss to Minnesota on Saturday to close out the regular season, Sacco was asked about his future, saying, "We're certainly headed in the right direction."

His team was committed to his up-tempo philosophy. Matt Duchene recently said that Sacco's message was still getting across.

"We've all played the system he's put in place to the best of our ability. We've all worked at it," said Duchene, who finished tied with P.A. Parenteau for the team scoring lead with 43 points. "We're all still buying in and working."

Sacco will be back on the bench later this week when he leads the U.S. squad at the world championships. He will even take several Avalanche players with him, including Paul Stastny and Erik Johnson.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/avalanche-fire-coach-joe-sacco-174513532.html

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Saturday, April 13, 2013

Woman tracks down lifeguard who saved her -- 50 years ago

Lifeguards save thousands of lives each year, but not many get a 'thank-you' 50 years later. (Wikicommons)In 1964, Eady Rothstein was just a 5-year-old girl hanging out with her family by a pool near Lido Bach on Long Island, New York.

But she fell into the water and nearly drowned before a 21-year-old lifeguard, Larry Brickman, saved her life.

And now, NBC 4 New York reports that nearly 50 years later Rothstein has tracked down the former lifeguard to thank him for rescuing her.

"I've always said I wanted to thank him, and I should do it," Rothstein said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3,533 people drowned in the U.S. from 2005 to 2009, about 700 per year. But that number was much higher in previous decades before CPR and other life-saving medical innovations became more readily available. According to the Original Watermen, some 9,000 people drowned in the U.S. each year after swimming became a national phenomenon in the early 1900s, and before beaches began to employ lifeguards to help protect swimmers.

In August 2012, an electronic lifeguard device named EMILY was sent on its first rescue mission. The buoy-like device can travel up to 22 mph and serves as a flotation device for struggling swimmers.

On Wednesday, the local branch of the YMCA in Austin, Texas, announced it was hiring lifeguards for the summer to help fill a shortage at public pools in the city.

After the 1964 rescue, Rothstein and Brickman fell out of contact. So, Rothstein went online and looked for Brickman?s contact information after finding a reference to him in her family scrapbook.

After she found his phone number, the two were able to connect over the phone and plan to meet in person sometime soon.

"My final words to her when I hung up that day, after I called her back, were, 'You know, I guess we just got very lucky, you and I both,'" Brickman told NBC.

Both Rothstein and Brickman say his knowledge of CPR, which was rare at the time, was instrumental in the rescue.

"If no one was there to do this, I'm afraid she would have succumbed," Brickman said.

"I owe my life, and it's a very nice feeling to finally be able to say, 'Thank you,'" Rothstein added.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/sideshow/woman-tracks-down-lifeguard-saved-her-nearly-50-001717211.html

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GTA radio brings its broadcasts to iTunes and Spotify

GTA radio brings its broadcasts on iTunes and Spotify

From Vice to San Andreas and on to Liberty City, Rockstar Games has digitally boxed up playlists for eight of its Grand Theft Auto titles which are now available on Spotify and iTunes. "As a service for all GTA fans" -- and to keep them chomping at the bit for the incoming sequel -- Rockstar has curated over 70 playlists from notable faux stations like Radio Espantoso, The Vibe 98.8 and K-Jah. The games studio was limited by the songs that were currently available, so there's a few omissions from both the streaming service and Apple's music store. Once you've got over that initial disappointment, head to Rockstar's site to sample the last ten years of GTA's drive-time listening.

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Via: CNET AU

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Friday, April 12, 2013

Android Central Podcast - Live!

Show starts at 9 p.m. EST
(or thereabouts)

The Android Central Podcast is recorded live in front of a live studio audience, so you can catch us in the act.

Watch us live from your phone
with the UStream app. (Search for Mobile Nations.)


Miss a show? You can listen to every episode of the Android Central Podcast online.
Web | RSS | iTunes | Stitcher

 

    


Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/my1cS-DWLxs/story01.htm

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BOJ's Kuroda: moves in long term rates volatile, watching closely

By Mike Collett MANCHESTER, England, April 10 (Reuters) - England are unlikely to become world champions again because the country's Premier League is now flooded with foreign players, 1966 World Cup winner Bobby Charlton said on Wednesday. "I worry a bit. Every year I feel when one of the newspapers wants me to give an opinion on whether there is a chance to win the World Cup or whatever, I feel obliged to say 'yes they have got a chance' but I think it's a fool's errand," Charlton told delegates at the Soccerex Business Forum. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bojs-kuroda-moves-long-term-rates-volatile-watching-083057755--business.html

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Thursday, April 11, 2013

Obama budget boosts embassy security spending, changes food aid

By Patricia Zengerle and Charles Abbott

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - President Barack Obama included $4 billion to improve security at hundreds of overseas diplomatic posts in his budget proposal on Wednesday, in the wake of the deadly September 11, 2012, attacks on the U.S. mission in Benghazi, Libya.

The money would secure overseas personnel and facilities, including enough money to increase embassy security construction to $2.2 billion, as recommended after an independent review of the Benghazi attacks.

Embassy security has been under particular scrutiny - amid harsh criticism of the Obama administration by Republican lawmakers - since the U.S. ambassador to Libya and three other Americans were killed in the eastern Libyan city.

The proposal reflects shifting U.S. priorities as Washington winds down its wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Programs in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan account for $6.8 billion of the budget proposal, $4.2 billion less than requested in 2012. The budget plan calls for $2.1 billion for Iraq, $3.4 billion for Afghanistan and $1.4 billion for Pakistan.

"We owe it to the American people to do our part to help solve the fiscal problems that threaten not only our future economic health, but also our standing in the global order," Secretary of State John Kerry wrote in a letter to Congress.

"As such, we have proposed necessary cuts, where it will not adversely affect our national security, and we propose modest increases, where they are necessary to achieve our highest priorities," he said.

Overall, Obama has asked for $47.8 billion for the Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development, a six percent decrease from 2012 levels, because of the lower requests for Iraq and Afghanistan.

As expected, the budget proposes the most sweeping change in U.S. food aid in decades, with a plan intended to feed more people and deliver food more quickly. It would end a practice of buying food from American farmers and shipping it overseas.

Under the plan, Washington would donate $1.1 billion to a disaster relief account for food vouchers that would be used to buy food from suppliers located near areas of need.

Shipping can double food aid costs because, by law, supplies must be transported on U.S.-flagged vessels.

An additional $250 million would be provided to economic development projects and $75 million would be earmarked for emergency relief.

The food aid proposal could face a tough fight. Aid groups disagree over whether the switch to cash donation is advisable. And two dozen senators wrote the White House in March to try to derail the change.

However, proponents said the plan would let the United States feed millions more people each year, while assisting farmers in poor countries by buying their crops.

(Reporting by Patricia Zengerle; Editing By Marilyn W. Thompson and Paul Simao)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-budget-boosts-embassy-security-spending-changes-food-191041611--business.html

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McConnell campaign asks for FBI investigation over leaked Ashley Judd tapes (Washington Post)

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Top admiral: US can intercept a North Korean missile

While testifying before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Adm. Samuel Locklear, Commander of the US military's Pacific Command, says he's confident missile defenses are capable of intercepting a ballistic missile launched by North Korea towards the U.S. — or any of its allies.

By Jim Miklaszewski and Courtney Kube, NBC News

If North Korea decides to launch a missile, the United States is ready to respond and is capable of intercepting it, a top U.S. military commander told Congress on Tuesday.

The Commander of U.S. Pacific Command also said that he cannot recollect a more tense time between the U.S., South Korea, and North Korea since the end of the Korean War.


Responding to Sen. John McCain's statement that he doesn't know a time of greater tension in the decades since the war, Admiral Sam Locklear said that "I would agree that in my recollection I don't know a greater time."

Locklear told members of the Senate Armed Services Committee that the U.S. is ready to respond to a North Korean missile launch or other threat.

"I am satisfied that we are ready today, yes," Locklear said.

South Korean official have said since Sunday that a missile launch by the North could come as early as Wednesday but U.S. military and intelligence officials have seen no movement or preparations that would indicate that a launch of the Musudan missiles from the launch site on North Korea's east coast is imminent.

Locklear acknowledged that the U.S. believes North Korea has placed a Musadan missile on that coast, adding the missile has a range of roughly 1,800 to 2,100 miles, with a minimum range of about 400 miles.

He said it does not threaten the mainland United States or Hawaii, but it could put Guam at risk. He added that the U.S. has "capability in place" to protect Guam.

Asked specifically whether U.S. forces can intercept a missile from North Korea, Locklear said, "I believe we have a credible ability to defend the homeland, to defend Hawaii, defend Guam, to defend our forward-deployed forces and defend our allies."

He went on to say that the U.S. could intercept a missile even if it happens in the next several days.

Locklear said he would not recommend intercepting a missile, however, until the U.S. is certain what the target is.

"If the missile was in defense of the homeland, I would certainly recommend that action. And if it was defense of our allies, I would recommend that action," he said.

He added that they will know "pretty quickly" where the missile is going and "what we need to do about it."

Locklear also acknowledged that China, the North's only diplomatic and financial ally, could play a key role in stopping the rhetoric from North Korea.

Asked whether the Chinese government has done enough to restrain North Korea, Locklear said, "I think they could do more."

The admiral's comments come as world leaders have shown alarm at the prospects of a conflict involving a reclusive state that claims to be developing a nuclear weapon.

South Koreans expect Pyongyang to launch a medium-range missile near the border as North Korea warned foreigners in South Korea to be prepared to evacuate. NBC's Richard Engel reports.

Addressing North Korea's latest saber-rattling that warned foreigners to leave South Korea, the White House on Tuesday called the rhetoric "unhelpful" and "provocative."

President Barack Obama called North Korea's nuclear test in February "highly provocative." Russian President Vladimir Putin has said?hostilities?could create a cataclysm worse than the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster.?

Yet in South Korea, where most of the harsh rhetoric is aimed, people?numbed by years of threats?are calmly going about their business. Restaurants and hotels are full in Seoul - a mere 30 miles from 700,000 North Korean soldiers -- and no emergency supplies such as gas mask or drugs are being distributed.

Admiral Locklear meanwhile referred to North Korean leader Kim Jung Un as the "impetuous young leader" who "continues to focus on provocation rather than on his own people.?

Locklear said that Kim Jung Un is more unpredictable that his father or grandfather who "always figured into their provocation cycle an off ramp of how to get out of it."

"It's not clear to me that he has thought through how to get out of it. And so, this is what makes this scenario, I think, particularly challenging," Locklear said.

As to any potential missile launch, U.S. officials say that they firmly believe that missiles would be aimed out to open sea, not at South Korea, Japan or Guam.

And despite the taunts from North Korea, which?include a call for foreigners to leave the South, the U.S. State Department hasn?t issued any new security warnings to Americans in South Korea or planning to travel there.

At the State dept. briefing today, Spokesperson Patrick Ventrell said that no new security warnings are being issued to Americans in South Korea or planning to travel to South Korea based on recent taunts from North Korea.

"There's no specific information to suggest imminent threat to U.S. citizens or facilities in the Republic of Korea,? State Department spokesman Patrick Ventrell said on Tuesday. ?So the U.S. embassy has not changed its security posture. We have not recommended that U.S. citizens who reside in or plan to visit the Republic of Korea take special security precautions at this time."

NBC News' Jim Maceda and Jeff Black contributed to this report.

Related:

Google+ Hangout: Richard Engel answers questions on North Korea

North Korea warns foreigners to leave South

Who is North Korea's secretive leader? Here is what we know

'Positive thinking' after years of threats keeps South Koreans going

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Wednesday, April 10, 2013

Proposed NC bill would make leaving pets in hot cars illegal ...

GREENSBORO, N.C. ? Leaving your pet alone in a hot car could soon be a crime in North Carolina.

Guilford County Rep. Pricey Harrison introduced a bill that would give law enforcement the authority to take action to free pets that are locked in vehicles when it?s hot enough that the animal?s health is threatened.

Under the proposed legislation, those suspected of the crime would face a class 2 misdemeanor; or a class 1 misdemeanor if the pet dies.

Currently, Rep. Harrison says there?s not much officers can do to help animals that are trapped in hot vehicles.

Source: http://myfox8.com/2013/04/09/proposed-nc-bill-would-make-leaving-pets-in-hot-cars-illegal/

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1-2 punch could be key in treating blindness

Tuesday, April 9, 2013

Researchers have discovered that using two kinds of therapy in tandem may be a knockout combo against inherited disorders that cause blindness. While their study focused on man's best friend, the treatment could help restore vision in people, too.

Published in the journal Molecular Therapy, the study builds on earlier work by Michigan State University veterinary ophthalmologist Andr?s Kom?romy and colleagues. In 2010, they restored day vision in dogs suffering from achromatopsia, an inherited form of total color blindness, by replacing the mutant gene associated with the condition.

While that treatment was effective for most younger dogs, it didn't work for canines older than 1 year. Kom?romy began to wonder if the older dogs' cones ? the photoreceptor cells in the retina that process daylight and color ? might be too worn out.

"Gene therapy only works if the nonfunctional cell that is primarily affected by the disease is not too degenerated," he said. "That's how we came up with the idea for this new study. How about if we selectively destroy the light-sensitive part of the cones and let it grow back before performing gene therapy? Then you'd have a younger, less degenerated cell that may be more responsive to therapy."

So, Kom?romy and colleagues recruited more dogs with achromatopsia between 1 and 3 years old. To test their theory, they again performed gene therapy but first gave some of the dogs a dose of a protein called CNTF, which the central nervous system produces to keep cells healthy. At a high enough dose, its effect on photoreceptors is a bit like pruning flowers: It partially destroys them, but allows for new growth.

"It was a long shot," said Kom?romy, associate professor in MSU's Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences.

But it worked.

"We were just amazed at what we found," he said. "All seven dogs that got the combination treatment responded, regardless of age."

While achromatopsia is quite rare, Kom?romy said it's a good model disease for other disorders affecting the photoreceptors, conditions that constitute a major cause of incurable blindness in dogs and humans. Those disorders affect individuals of both species in much the same way, so the combination treatment's promise isn't just for Fido.

"Based on our results we are proposing a new concept of retinal therapy," he said. "One treatment option alone might not be enough to reverse vision loss, but a combination therapy can maximize therapeutic success."

###

Michigan State University: http://www.newsroom.msu.edu

Thanks to Michigan State University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127657/____punch_could_be_key_in_treating_blindness

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Tuesday, April 9, 2013

French photographer held four months by Afghan insurgents escapes

By Hamid Shalizi and Dylan Welch, Reuters

KABUL - A French photographer kidnapped in Afghanistan four months ago fled his captors on Monday and was now safe in the hands of officials from his embassy, the Afghan Interior Ministry said.

?


A second French hostage in Afghanistan was freed by his captors, a spokesman for France's foreign ministry said, without providing any details.

Rahmat Gul / AP

More than ten years after the beginning of the war, Afghanistan faces external pressure to reform as well as ongoing internal conflicts.

Twenty-nine-year-old freelance Pierre Borghi had been chained up in a crudely dug hole covered by a trap door but managed to escape and reached a checkpoint manned by government security guards in central Wardak province, an Afghan official said.

Borghi, from Grenoble in southeastern France, was brought to the Interior Ministry's headquarters in Kabul at about 4:30 p.m. (1200 GMT) and left in the company of French embassy officials less than an hour later, ministry spokesman Sediq Sediqqi said.

He was in good health, Sediqqi said. The French embassy declined to comment.

Borghi was snatched by four armed men from a street in a busy area of the capital Kabul on Nov. 28 and had been held in several locations, including the back of a vehicle, the Afghan official said.

He said it was likely that Borghi was first taken by organized criminals and then sold to insurgents.

The captors, wearing turbans wrapped around their faces, had filmed Borghi several times and told him they were, variously, Taliban, Haqqani and al Qaeda, the official said.

Copyright 2013 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

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Consumption Junction: Childhood Obesity Determined Largely by Environmental Factors, Not Genes or Sloth

In looking for ways to fight childhood obesity, an emerging consensus of literature points to the need to reengineer kids? environments to change what and how they eat


Child reaching up to vending machine. Although kids can typically adjust their energy intake by regulating their food, Temple University public health professor Jennifer Fisher says, their surroundings and options may change that equation for kids in the same way that it does in adults. Image: Flickr/The Familylee

New evidence is confirming that the environment kids live in has a greater impact than factors such as genetics, insufficient physical activity or other elements in efforts to control child obesity. Three new studies, published in the April 8 Pediatrics, land on the import of the 'nurture' side of the equation and focus on specific circumstances in children's or teen's lives that potentially contribute to unhealthy bulk.

In three decades child and adolescent obesity has tripled in the U.S., and estimates from 2010 classify more than a third of children and teens as overweight or obese. Obesity puts these kids at higher risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, and bone or joint problems. The variables responsible are thought to range from too little exercise to too many soft drinks. Now it seems that blaming Pepsi or too little PE might neglect the bigger picture.

"We are raising our children in a world that is vastly different than it was 40 or 50 years ago," says Yoni Freedhoff, an obesity doctor and assistant professor of medicine at the University of Ottawa. "Childhood obesity is a disease of the environment. It's a natural consequence of normal kids with normal genes being raised in unhealthy, abnormal environments." The environmental factors in these studies range from the seemingly minor, such as kids' plate sizes, to bigger challenges, such as school schedules that may keep teens from getting sufficient sleep. But they are part of an even longer list: the ubiquity of fast food, changes in technology, fewer home-cooked meals, more food advertising, an explosion of low-cost processed foods and increasing sugary drink serving sizes (pdf) as well as easy access to unhealthy snacks in vending machines, at sports games and in nearly every setting children inhabit?these are just a handful of environmental factors research has linked to increasing obesity, and researchers are starting to pick apart which among them play bigger or lesser roles in making kids supersized.

Size matters in "obesogenic environments"
In one of the three new studies dishware size made a big difference. Researchers studied 42 second-graders in which the children alternately used child-size 18.4-centimeter (7.25-inch) diameter plates with 237-milliliter (8-ounce) bowls or adult-size 26-centimeter (10.25-inch) diameter plates with 473-milliliter (16-ounce) bowls. Doubling the size of the dishware, the researchers found, increased the amount of food kids served themselves in a buffet-style lunch line by an average of 90 calories. They ate about 43 percent of those extra calories, on average.

Although kids can typically adjust their energy intake by regulating their food, Temple University public health professor Jennifer Fisher says, their surroundings and options may change that equation for kids in the same way that it does in adults. "This notion that children are immune to the environment is somewhat misguided," says Fisher, who headed up the study. "To promote self-regulation, you have to constrain the environment in a way that makes the healthy choice the easy choice."

Fisher says much recent research in nutrition has focused on the "obesogenic" environments of today's society: a dietary environment offering widespread access to highly palatable foods in large portion sizes. "If we look at adult studies on dieting and weight loss, we know that the prospect of maintaining self-control in this environment is fairly grim," Fisher says. "I think most scientists believe our bodies have evolved to pretty staunchly defend hunger and prevent weight loss, and maybe are not so sensitive in preventing overconsumption."

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=1ff668ed3589e0d2caf189fe6fc9001f

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Putting a patch on migraines

There?s new hope for the more than 30 million Americans who suffer from migraines, thanks to a new method of delivering a widely-prescribed drug through a transdermal system in the form of a patch.

"Although consumers are familiar with using a patch for, say, smoking cessation, this is the first patch FDA has approved to treat migraines," says neurologist Eric Bastings, M.D., deputy director of the Division of Neurology at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Bastings says there are still practical measures you can take to prevent painful migraines, including FDA-approved medications that either stave off their onset or relieve their pain. He also says there are two basic kinds of migraine medications: 1) abortive (or acute) medications that treat migraines after they begin; and 2) preventive medications that help keep migraines from developing in the first place.

In January 2013, the FDA approved the use of sumatriptan, branded as Imitrex, through a new mechanism in the form of a patch that can be wrapped around a patient's upper arm or thigh, where the medication is absorbed through the skin. To learn more about the new FDA-approved patch, click here.

The patch provides an alternative to pills, nasal sprays and injections. For migraine patients who experience debilitating pain, Bastings said that the patch can be particularly useful because the pain can sometimes be so acute that such patients can?t even swallow a pill.

So how does the patch work?

The patch, which is named Zecuity, is battery-powered and is approximately 8 inches long and 4 inches wide. It wraps around the arm or thigh in a manner similar to an ace bandage, using an electrical current to move the drug through the skin over the course of four hours. According to Bastings, a small battery and computer chip regulate the charge to make sure the patient receives the correct dosage.

Bastings pointed out that this new delivery system is especially helpful for patients who don't like the unpleasant after-taste sometimes associated with nasal sprays, as well as for patients who don?t feel comfortable injecting themselves.

Nevertheless, Bastings acknowledges that the patch does have some drawbacks. Due to its relatively large size, for example, it can be seen when wearing short-sleeved shirts or shorts. Unlike a nasal spray or taking a migraine pill, the patch also requires some privacy if the patient needs to undress in order to put it on.

"For many people, popping a pill is a lot more immediate and simple," Bastings says.

Indeed, approximately 25 percent of participants in the clinical study complained that they felt a painful sensation at the site where the patch was applied, while other participants complained that they developed redness at the application site after using the patch.

What causes a migraine in the first place?

Over 30 million Americans, which is approximately 12 percent of the U.S. population, suffers from migraines, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Children and adults experience them, although they affect adult women three times more often than men.

Bastings describes migraines as neurovascular headaches that are characterized by throbbing and pulsating pain caused by the a temporary widening of blood vessels in the brain, which is triggered by abnormal activation of nerve pathways involved in the transmission of pain signals.

According to the FDA, characteristics of a migraine frequently include the following:
? Pain typically on one side of the head
? Pain that has a pulsating or throbbing quality
? Moderate to intense pain that affects daily activities
? Nausea or vomiting
? Sensitivity to light or sound
? Aura, visual disturbances that signal the beginning, such as dots, flashing lights or blind spots

Bastings also points out that a number of studies have found migraines are often underdiagnosed by both patients and physicians.

"Many people don't recognize the symptoms as belonging to migraine," he says. ?Or they don't think of sharing information about the occasional headache with their physician, even if it is severe.?

What are some FDA-approved drugs for treating acute migraine?

There are a number of drugs approved by the FDA for treating acute migraine, including the triptans, such as Imitrex, which bind to serotonin receptors in the brain nerve fibers and blood vessels. According to the FDA?s website on migraines, serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter, which is a type of chemical that helps relay signals from one area of the brain to another.

There are also non-prescription, "over the counter" drugs that can help, such as ibuprofen, aspirin and acetaminophen.

"These abortive medications work most effectively if taken early in the attack," says Bastings.

Those suffering frequent or severe migraines may also benefit from prescription preventive medications, including beta-blockers, a type of blood pressure drug (such as metoprolol). Other prescribed medications that can help are certain antiepileptic drugs (such as topiramate and divalproex sodium), according to the FDA.

Interestingly, the agency also approved Botox in October 2010 for treating chronic migraines at least 15 days a month.

In the meantime, Bastings offers another way to prevent migraines that involves learning your personal "triggers" that bring on the headache. Common triggers include the following:
? Hormonal changes in women, with migraines frequently occurring around the menstrual cycle;
? Certain foods and beverages, such as alcoholic and caffeinated drinks, chocolate and aged cheeses;
? Stress; and
? Changes in waking and sleeping patterns.

"It certainly can help to know your triggers and avoid them when possible," Bastings says. "Of course if a major trigger is stress, few of us can entirely avoid that in our lives."

SOURCE: FDA's Consumer Updates (March 21, 2013); National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Source: http://www.emaxhealth.com/11400/putting-patch-migraines

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Stocks edge higher ahead of earnings season

NEW YORK (AP) ? Stocks edged higher Monday, erasing an early loss, as major U.S. companies prepared to start reporting first-quarter results.

Alcoa will release its results after the markets close Monday. The aluminum company will be the first member of the Dow Jones industrial average to report earnings for the quarter. Alcoa was up 6 cents at $8.30 an hour before the closing bell.

The Dow was up six points, or 0.1 percent, to 14,571, having started the day lower and fallen as much as 67 points during morning trading. The Standard & Poor's 500 index rose five points, or 0.3 percent, to 1,558.

Telecommunications and health care stocks were the only industries to decline, down 0.7 percent and 0.4 percent, respectively.

The two industry groups have performed well this year, as investors have sought less risky stocks that pay good dividends. Health care companies are up almost 16 percent, making them the best performers in the S&P 500.

Analysts expect earnings for companies in the S&P 500 to rise by 0.7 percent from the first quarter of last year. Telecommunications and so-called consumer discretionary stocks are forecast to lead the growth, according to data from S&P Capital IQ. Consumer discretionary stocks include department store chains such as Macy's.

While expectations for the coming reporting period are low, investors will be studying the reports to gauge the outlook for the rest of the year, said Cam Albright, a director of asset allocation at Wilmington Trust Investment Advisors.

"That'll be a critical piece for the markets to digest," he said.

Johnson & Johnson, logged the biggest percentage decline on the 30-member Dow Jones industrial average, dropping $1.08 to $80.96. Analysts at JPMorgan cut their rating on the stock to "neutral," saying it has risen too far, too fast. Johnson & Johnson is up 16 percent this year.

Lufkin Industries, an oilfield equipment maker, surged $24.15 to $88.07 after General Electric Co. agreed to buy the company for $3 billion. GE wants to bolster its oil and gas operations. Its stock edged 8 cents lower to $22.87.

Stocks fell Friday after the government reported a slowdown in hiring that was far worse than economists had expected. The report capped a bad week: The S&P 500 logged its biggest weekly decline of the year as signs emerged that U.S. growth is starting to cool.

In other trading, the Nasdaq composite index rose seven points, or 0.2 percent, to 3,211.

The yield on the 10-year Treasury rose to 1.73 percent, after falling as low as 1.69 percent Friday, its lowest level of the year.

The benchmark rate has fallen from a recent high of 2.06 percent reached March 11 as demand for low-risk assets increases.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/stocks-edge-higher-ahead-earnings-season-191133727--finance.html

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Old murders probed in case of alleged cross-country killer

LOS ANGELES (AP) ? When Los Angeles cold case detectives caught up with Samuel Little this past fall, he was living in a Christian shelter in Kentucky, his latest arrest a few months earlier for alleged possession of a crack pipe. But the LA investigators wanted him on far more serious charges: The slayings of two women in 1989, both found strangled and nude below the waist ? victims of what police concluded had been sexually motivated strangulations.

Little's name came up, police said, after DNA evidence collected at old crime scenes matched samples of his stored in a criminal database. After detectives say they found yet another match, a third murder charge was soon added against Little.

Now, as the 72-year-old former boxer and transient awaits trial in Los Angeles, authorities in numerous jurisdictions in California, Florida, Kentucky, Missouri, Louisiana, Texas, Georgia, Mississippi and Ohio are scouring their own cold case files for possible ties to Little. One old murder case, in Pascagoula, Miss., already has been reopened. DNA results are pending in some others.

Little's more than 100-page rap sheet details crimes in 24 states spread over 56 years ? mostly assault, burglary, armed robbery, shoplifting and drug violations. In that time, authorities say incredulously, he served less than 10 years in prison.

But Los Angeles detectives allege he was also a serial killer, who traveled the country preying on prostitutes, drug addicts and troubled women.

They assert Little often delivered a knockout punch to women and then proceeded to strangle them while masturbating, dumping the bodies and soon after leaving town. Their investigation has turned up a number of cases in which he was a suspect or convicted.

Police are using those old cases ? and tracking down surviving victims ? to help build their own against Little.

"We see a pattern, and the pattern matches what he's got away with in the past," said LAPD Detective Mitzi Roberts.

Little has pleaded not guilty in the three LA slayings, and in interviews with detectives after his September arrest he described his police record as "dismissed, not guilty, dismissed."

"I just be in the wrong place at the wrong time with people," he said, according to an interview transcript reviewed by The Associated Press.

Still, as more details emerge, so do more questions. Among them: How did someone with so many encounters with the law, suspected by prosecutors and police officers of killing for decades, manage to escape serious jail time?

"It's the craziest rap sheet I've ever seen," said Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Beth Silverman, who has worked many serial killer cold cases. "The fact that he hasn't spent a more significant period of his life (in custody) is a shocking thing. He's gotten break after break after break."

Deputy Public Defender Michael Pentz, who represents Little, declined to comment.

Authorities have pieced together a 24-page timeline tracking Little's activity across the country since his birth. His rap sheet has helped them pinpoint his location sometimes on a monthly basis. Law enforcement agencies are now cross-referencing that timeline with cold case slayings in their states.

The Florida Department of Law Enforcement is leading a review of that state's unsolved murders and helping coordinate the effort among 12 jurisdictions. The department published an intelligence bulletin alerting authorities in Florida, Alabama and Georgia about Little's case, noting he lived in the area on and off in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s.

"We strongly encouraged them to look at any unresolved homicides that they had during those time frames and then consider him as a potential suspect," said Jeff Fortier, a special agent supervisor at the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The department is re-examining DNA evidence in about 15 cases that was collected before advances in forensic science allowed for thorough analysis, Fortier said.

"We are in the infancy stages of what we expect will be a protracted investigation," he said.

In Mississippi, Pascagoula cold case Detective Darren Versiga is re-investigating the killing of Melinda LaPree, a 22-year-old prostitute found strangled in 1982. Little had been arrested in that crime but never indicted, Versiga said. The detective has tracked down old witnesses and is working to reconstruct the case file because much of it was washed away during Hurricane Katrina.

Little, who often went by the name Samuel McDowell, grew up with his grandmother in Lorain, Ohio. His rap sheet shows his first arrest at age 16 on burglary charges. After serving time in a youth authority he was released and, months later, arrested again for breaking and entering.

In an hour- and 15-minute interview with Los Angeles detectives, Little spoke openly about his past and his time in the penitentiary, where he started boxing as a middleweight against the other inmates. "I used to be a prizefighter," he said.

In his late 20s, Little went to live with his mother in Florida and worked at the Dade County Department of Sanitation and, later, at a cemetery. Soon, he began traveling more widely and had more run-ins with the law; between 1971 and 1974 Little was arrested in eight states for crimes that included armed robbery, rape, theft, solicitation of a prostitute, shoplifting, DUI, aggravated assault on a police officer and fraud.

"I've been in and out of the penitentiary," he told the California officers.

"Well, for what?" a detective asked, to which Little responded: "Shoplifting and, uh, petty thefts and stuff."

Then came the 911 call of Sept. 11, 1976, in Sunset Hills, Mo.

Pamela Kay Smith was banging on the back door of a home, crying for help, naked below the waist with her hands bound behind her back with electrical cord and cloth. Smith, who was a drug addict, told officers that she was picked up by Little in St. Louis. She said he choked her from behind with electrical cord, forced her into his car, beat her unconscious, then drove to Sunset Hills and raped her.

Officers found Little, then 36, still seated in his car near the home where Smith sought refuge, with her jewelry and clothing inside. Little denied raping Smith, telling officers: "I only beat her." The case summary was recalled in court papers filed by prosecutors in Los Angeles.

Little was found guilty of assault with the intent to ravish-rape and was sentenced to three months in county jail. Pascagoula Detective Versiga, who reviewed the Smith case, believes Little may have pleaded to a lesser charge and received a shorter sentence because of the victim's lifestyle. The case file refers to Smith as a heroin addict who often failed to appear in court.

After that, the charges against Little grew more serious.

In Pascagoula, LaPree went missing in September 1982 after getting into a wood-paneled station wagon with a man witnesses later identified as Little. A month later her remains were found, and Little was arrested in her killing and the assault of two other prostitutes. Versiga believes grand jurors failed to indict in part because of the difficulty in determining a precise time of death but also because of credibility problems due to the victim and witnesses working as prostitutes.

Little, nevertheless, remained in custody and was extradited to Florida to be tried in the case of another slain woman.

Patricia Ann Mount, 26 and mentally disabled, was found dead in the fall of 1982 in rural Forest Grove, Fla., near Gainesville. Eyewitnesses described last seeing her leaving a beer tavern with a man identified as Little in a wood-paneled station wagon.

According to The Gainesville Sun's coverage of the trial, a fiber analyst testified that hairs found on Mount's clothes "had the same characteristics as head hairs taken from" Little. But when cross-examined the analyst said "it was also possible for hairs to be transferred if two people bumped together."

A jury acquitted Little in January 1984.

By October 1984, Little was back in custody ? this time in San Diego, accused in the attempted murder of two prostitutes who were kidnapped a month apart, driven to the same abandoned dirt lot, assaulted and choked. The first woman was left unconscious on a pile of trash but survived, according to court records. Patrol officers discovered Little in a car with the second woman and arrested him.

The two cases were tried jointly, but the jury failed to reach a verdict. Little later pleaded guilty to lesser charges of assault with great bodily injury and false imprisonment. He served about 2.5 years on a four-year sentence and, in February 1987, he was released on parole.

As he told the LA detectives in his interview, Little then moved to Los Angeles, where three more women were soon discovered dead: Carol Alford, 41, found on July 13, 1987; Audrey Nelson, 35, found on Aug. 14, 1989; and Guadalupe Apodaca, 46, found on Sept. 3, 1989. All were manually strangled.

It is for those slayings that Little now stands charged. No trial date has been set, though Little is due back in court this month for a procedural hearing. If convicted, Little would face a minimum of life in prison without parole, though prosecutors said they may seek the death penalty.

When the case landed on Detective Roberts' desk, she had no idea it would grow from two local cold case slayings to a cross-country probe into the past of a man with some 75 arrests. As she studied her suspect, Roberts also began calling agencies that had dealt with Little most recently.

He had been arrested on May 1, 2012, by sheriff's deputies in Lake Charles, La., for possession of a crack pipe and released with an upcoming court date. At Roberts' request, deputies tried finding him but came up empty. Then last September deputies called with a hit tracing an ATM purchase by Little to a Louisville, Ky., minimart. Within hours he was found at a nearby shelter.

In his interview with police, Little said he didn't recognize the slain LA women. Detectives said that DNA collected from semen on upper body clothing or from fingernail scrapings connect him to the crimes.

Roberts and others who've investigated Little through the years said some cases may not have gone forward because DNA testing wasn't available until the mid-1980s and, even when it was, wouldn't have been useful in these cases unless authorities tested clothing, fingernails or body swabs. Due to this perpetrator's particular modus operandi, DNA wouldn't necessarily be found through standard rape kit collection.

Even in those cases that did go to trial, they said, jurors may have found the victims less credible because of their backgrounds, and the witnesses ? often prostitutes ? in some cases disappeared. Because Little was also a transient, Roberts said: "I don't think he stuck in a lot of peoples' minds much."

"But what's different now, we're just not going to allow that to happen," she said. "I think we owe it to the victims. I think we owe it to the families."

Tony Zambrano was 17 when he learned his mother, Guadalupe Apodaca, was killed after going out for a drink one night.

"My brother told me she left, she went to go have a couple beers, and never came home," he recalls. Soon after he learned of her slaying.

For years Zambrano tried to find out what happened to his mother. When Roberts called him following Little's arrest, he was grateful. But he's also upset.

"My mom shouldn't really be dead now. For all those charges in San Diego, who gets four years?" Zambrano said. "This thing ain't over for a long shot."

___

Abdollah can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/latams

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cold-case-arrest-prompts-cross-country-probe-175509452.html

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Monday, April 8, 2013

Water leak feared at Japan nuke plant

Tepco says radiatioactive water may have leaked from its Fukushima nuclear plant. Paul Chapman reports.

One of the systems keeping spent atomic fuel cool at the Fukushima nuclear plant has temporarily failed, the second outage in weeks. Picture: AFP Source: AFP

THE operator of Japan's crippled nuclear plant says it is moving tonnes of highly radioactive water from a temporary storage tank to another because of a possible leak.

TEPCO said on Saturday about 108 tonnes the water are believed to have breached the tank's inner linings, although little is thought to have leaked into the soil. TEPCO is moving the water to a nearby tank.

It is part of the water that was used to cool melted fuel at the Fukushima Dai-ichi reactors damaged in the March 2011 disaster.

So much water was used that TEPCO is struggling to find storage space.

The plant is being decommissioned but continues to experience glitches.

A fuel storage pool temporarily its lost cooling system on Friday, a month after a similar 30-hour outage.

Source: http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/world/water-leak-feared-at-japan-nuke-plant/story-fnd11ay0-1226613957510?from=public_rss

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Sunday, April 7, 2013

1999 Ford Ranger XLT (CALL FOR PRICING)

Actual MPG rating will vary with options, driving conditions, habits and vehicle condition.

CARFAX Vehicle History

Don?t run the risk of buying a used car with costly hidden problems. Get a detailed vehicle history report from our nationwide database within seconds.

CARFAX Vehicle History Reports are based only on information supplied to CARFAX. Other information about this vehicle, including problems, may not have been reported to CARFAX. Use this report as one important tool, along with a vehicle inspection and test drive, to make a better decision about your next used car.

View the CARFAX Report

Source: http://www.lakelandhyundai.com/used/1999-Ford-Ranger-XLT-1FTYR14V4XPA46632

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Melissa McCarthy Brings On The Funny On ?SNL? (VIDEOS)

Melissa McCarthy Brings On The Funny On “SNL” (VIDEOS)

Melissa McCarthy hosts SNLMelissa McCarthy, the Oscar-nominated actress of “Bridesmaids”, did a great job during her second time as host of the comedy show “Saturday Night Live”. The 42-year-old comedian wore red stripper heels for her opening monologue, using a chair on the stage as a walker before busting her butt (on purpose we’re guessing). McCarthy was frustrated ...

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Source: http://stupidcelebrities.net/2013/04/melissa-mccarthy-brings-on-the-funny-on-snl-videos/

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NEWS: A bunch of college kids to stage car show tomorrow for their thesis

Car Mania Manila

While our attention is mostly divided this weekend between the Manila International Auto Show and the AVID Innovation Congress, several college students taking up business management at Asia Pacific College are staging a smaller-scale car show of their own, youthfully called Car Mania Manila. It's a one-day event scheduled for tomorrow, April 6, starting at 2pm, at A. Venue Mall's open parking lot in Makati City.

Unlike the usual car shows we attend, this one is a little different in that it is actually the organizers' school project. Or thesis, to be exact.

Dozens of awards are in store for the participants, including Best of Show, Best in Paint, Best Exotic Car, Best Graphics, Loudest Demo Car, Best JDM Car, Best European Car, and Best Female Car, among many others. There's also a DBSport Loud Match competition for the audiophiles.

So, if you have nothing to do tomorrow afternoon and you happen to be in the area, let's show these kids some support. They need this to be a success in order for them to graduate. They could be the country's future MIAS organizers.

Source: http://www.topgear.com.ph/news//a-bunch-of-college-kids-to-stage-car-show-tomorrow-for-their-thesis

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Saturday, April 6, 2013

Italy pardons U.S. pilot convicted in CIA rendition case

ROME (Reuters) - Italy's president on Friday pardoned a U.S. Air Force officer convicted of kidnapping an Egyptian Muslim cleric who was taken away for interrogation on a CIA "rendition" flight.

Such covert flights were among the tactics used to wage the "War on Terror" under the administration of former U.S. President George W. Bush, after the 9/11 attacks. They have been condemned by human rights groups as a violation of international agreements.

Italian President Giorgio Napolitano said he had pardoned Colonel Joseph L. Romano, who was the only person not a member of the CIA among 23 Americans sentenced for the kidnapping of Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr in Milan in 2003.

Romano's lawyer had requested the pardon. The clemency was granted because the United States and Italy are close allies that "share the common goals of promoting democracy and security" around the world, a statement from the president said.

The Egyptian cleric, also known as Abu Omar, was secretly flown to Egypt for interrogation, where he says he was tortured for seven months. He was a resident in Italy at the time of the abduction.

Italy was the first country to convict American nationals for their involvement in a rendition.

Romano and 21 others received seven-year jail terms for kidnapping, while the former CIA Milan station chief Robert Seldon Lady was sentenced to nine years in jail.

All were tried in absentia and the Italian government has so far shown little indication it will ask for them to be extradited to serve the terms. No reason was given for why Romano was awarded clemency while the 22 CIA members were not.

U.S. President Barack Obama has tried to distance himself from heavy-handed intelligence tactics employed by the Bush administration, and ordered the CIA to close its long-term prisons in 2009.

(Reporting by Naomi O'Leary; Editing by Steve Scherer and Pravin Char)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/italy-pardons-u-pilot-convicted-cia-rendition-case-193425904.html

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Sony Vaio VPCZ2390X/B Intel Centrino Bluetooth Driver 14.1.1.3 for Windows 7 x64

This utility installs the originally shipped version of the Intel Centrino Bluetooth 3.0 + High Speed Virtual Adapter driver.

Important Notes
- During the installation of this file, be sure that you are logged in as the Administrator or as a user with Administrative rights.
- To ensure that no other program interferes with the installation, save all work and close all other programs. The Taskbar should be clear of applications before proceeding.
- It is highly recommended that you print out these instructions for use as a reference during the installation process.

It is highly recommended to always use the most recent driver version available.

Do not forget to check with our site as often as possible in order to stay updated on the latest drivers, software and games.

Try to set a system restore point before installing a device driver. This will help if you installed a wrong driver. Problems can arise when your hardware device is too old or not supported any longer.

Source: http://drivers.softpedia.com/get/NETWORK-CARD/INTEL/Sony-Vaio-VPCZ2390X-B-Intel-Centrino-Bluetooth-Driver-14113-for-Windows-7-x64.shtml

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Dwarf whale survived well into Ice Age

Thursday, April 4, 2013

Research from New Zealand's University of Otago detailing the fossil of a dwarf baleen whale from Northern California reveals that it avoided extinction far longer than previously thought.

Otago Department of Geology PhD student Robert Boessenecker has found that the fossil of the 4-5 meter long Herpetocetus, thought to be the last survivor of the primitive baleen whale family called cetotheres, may be as young as 700,000 years old.

Mr Boessenecker says the previously youngest-known fossils of this whale were from the pre-Ice Age Pliocene epoch; approximately 3 million years ago, a time before many modern marine mammals appeared. Baleen whales of this type were most common much earlier, about 10-15 million years ago.

"That this whale survived the great climatic and ecological upheavals of the Ice Age and almost into the modern era is very surprising as nearly all fossil marine mammals found after the end of the Pliocene appear identical to modern species.

"Other baleen whales underwent extreme body size increases in response to the new environment, but this dwarf whale must have still had a niche to inhabit which has only recently disappeared," he says.

The find indicates that the emergence of the modern marine mammals during the Ice Age may have happened more gradually than currently thought, he says.

The discovery also lends indirect support to a hypothesis about the modern pygmy right whale (Caperea marginata) recently published by Mr Boessenecker's colleagues Professor Ewan Fordyce and Dr Felix Marx. The pair posited that this enigmatic Southern Ocean whale is not a true right whale but actually a member of the cetothere family and one of the closest relatives of Herpetocetus.

"If their hypothesis is correct, this latest discovery indicates that other close relatives of the pygmy right whale nearly survived to modern times within the Northern Hemisphere.

"In this light, Herpetocetus can be viewed as a Northern Hemisphere equivalent of the pygmy right whale: both are small-bodied with peculiar anatomy, possibly closely related, with feeding habits that are seemingly divergent from other baleen whales."

All baleen whales lack teeth and instead use baleen to strain small prey like krill and fish from seawater. Many whales, such as humpback and blue whales, gulp enormous amounts of water during lunges, while others such as gray whales filter prey from mud on the seafloor.

Owing to a strange jaw joint, Herpetocetus could not open its mouth more than 35 degrees, unlike any modern baleen whale.

###

The research appears in the international journal Naturwissenschaften.

University of Otago: http://www.otago.ac.nz

Thanks to University of Otago for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127591/Dwarf_whale_survived_well_into_Ice_Age

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