Friday, August 3, 2012

Fifth Grade Kinesthetic Learner: Curriculum and Organization

I?ve talked before about how this is a big year for each of our children. I shared our plans for preschool and first grade yesterday. Tomorrow is for my 8th and 9th graders. Today we focus in on my Middle Girl. Fifth grade. Upper elementary. Last year before middle school. Transitioning to dialectic. That?s big.

I?ve also mentioned the hodgepodge of learners we have here. My 5th grader, Middle Girl, is a creative kinesthetic learner. She loves to make things. Do things. Move. Participate. Give her a display board for a biography report. Let her make a salt dough map. She loves to color while I read. Crafts, creations, busy. That?s her.

And while I?m not an expert in learning styles, I do know my children. I have studied learning styles and have noticed big improvements when I tailor our studies to my children?s individual learning styles.

As you might imagine, this child spreads things far and wide. So, in an attempt to corral somewhat, we?ve turned to baskets. And they are working pretty well by making clean up easier. She has an overflowing basket in our school room ? mostly for crafts and writing materials. (The one overflowing, with the lid propped open). Her grammar book and writing binder are stored together in one spot under the printer.

Making writing easy for her gives her a practical way to practice spelling. She can send a card to Grandma and Grandpa or to a pen pal, using all her creative juices. How do you spell?.? she will ask. All without the aid of a list of words in a workbook.

I?ve read that kinesthetic learners do well in math. She does her Teaching Textbooks (TT) at the computer. And she loves math. Let me type that again. She loves math. She begged to have TT like big brother and big sister. She was right ? she loves the computer based program. Especially the bonus round.

Each of the older three take turns completing a Teaching Textbooks lesson here at the chalkboard desk. Chalkboard makes for an easy scratch surface. Work it out, doodle!

On the other side of the homeschool room, she has her own ?catch all? basket for binders, spiral notebooks, a planner and more.

In the family room, she has another basket full of craft supplies. Notice the stack of duct tape on the end table? Along with the iPod earbuds?She is heavy into duct tape projects. (She?s also my biggest blogger ? with a duct tape series). And all the papers left out from drawing and crafting while watching Olympics the night before. Plus, a favorite Where?s Waldo.

Since she is a piano student, she also has storage for piano books. Standing up from a school lesson and darting to play a piano piece helps. Keep those fingers busy.

Fifth Grade Curriculum

In summary, we decided to hit our home organization head on to meet the needs of learning. With Hodgepodgedad?s help, we?ve added storage in the most used rooms, right where we use it. We?ve done this over the last year with trips to IKEA. IKEA is a frugal and practical way to redesign and make things work. Their baskets are the best price for the sturdy ? take the abuse ? design.

Middle Girl?s just for fun stack of books. She?s challenged herself to read them all by summer?s end. Kinesthetic learners are said to not read for long spells. She reads in short spells a few times a day.

For a kinesthetic learner with many ?things? this storage helps keep her supplies handy. Plus helps keep this mama sane. This organization has been a big part of our homeschool planning. To meet needs. To make learning centers natural. And, many times, to make storage vertical!

Additional Resources

I hope you?ll be back! I invite you to subscribe to Hodgepodge so you won?t miss a post. Over the next several days I?ll be sharing the remainder of our plans for preschool, 1st, 5th, 8th and 9th grades plus those things we enjoy with multiple ages. Our Curricula 2012-2013:

?Are you homeschooling a kinesthetic learner?

Source: http://www.hodgepodge.me/2012/08/fifth-grade-kinesthetic-learner-curriculum-and-organization/

tenacious d steve smith zou bisou bisou tim tebow press conference tebow press conference trina andy roddick

Thursday, August 2, 2012

Good, bad, ugly? Street artists weigh in on Olympics

Jim Seida / NBC News

Street and graffiti artists have been satirizing, celebrating and making jokes about the Olympic Games in London.

By Ian Johnston, NBC News

Updated at 6:50 a.m. ET: LONDON -- An athlete steps up to take his throw -- except he is holding a missile, not a javelin; a pole vaulter soars high, but seems headed for a landing on a moldy mattress; an Olympic mascot's leg attracts some unwanted attention from a passing dog.

Banksy, whose works routinely sell for tens of thousands of dollars, and other street artists could hardly let the London 2012 Games go by without having their say -- despite the legal risks.


While at least four graffiti artists have been arrested by police ahead of the Games -- then released on bail conditions designed to prevent them from making their mark near the venues -- London is full of art works ranging from crude and comical to heavy satire to straightforward celebration.

A piece by artist Jimmy C. is among the latter, a large spray-painted mural of Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt's face with streaks of vibrant color radiating outwards on the side of a row of houses in Shoreditch, not far from the Olympic Park.

He could only afford the $1,500 cost of the painting after he sold more conventional artworks at a gallery show in Paris, France, and had some money left over from paying his rent.

"People pick up on a spiritual narrative in my paintings," he told NBCNews.com, explaining that when he went through art school painters like Caravaggio and Velazquez were among his favorites and may have influenced his work.

?Some street art is very quick, humorous and political ?? I try to create more lasting things with human qualities that everyone can identify with," he added.

'A very charismatic guy'
East London resident Jimmy Cochran, 39, as he is known in ordinary life, admitted he didn't know too much about the Olympics before deciding to paint something. He said he'd asked friends in Britain and Australia, where he grew up, what they thought about the Games.

/

A diverse community in East London will welcome the world to Britain for the 2012 Olympic Games. Meet residents and hear how they feel about having a huge, world stage in their backyard.

?He [Bolt] kept coming up in more ways than one,? he said. ?I thought ?OK, this is interesting.? I looked him up online, looked at images of him and realized he was a very charismatic guy, a big personality. I was drawn by his features.?

He painted the image on a wall often used by street artists, but didn't ask permission from the owner, who Cochran said he had been told was in Greece.

Teen held after Olympian gets Twitter death threat

Unlike Cochran's picture, Banksy's works, which appeared on his website?without any explanatory comment, have a clear political edge.

Banksy rose from being a small-scale street artist to an international star, whose work has fetched as much as $1.8 million?at auction.?

He has always tried to keep his identity a secret, although the Daily Mail newspaper has claimed to have identified him and published a photograph that it said was believed to be him.

Banksy's piece showing a javelin thrower carrying a missile is entitled "Hackney [an East London borough] welcomes the Olympics," while the pole vaulter image is called "Going for Mold," according to a spokeswoman for the artist.

His spokeswoman, of?Banksy's Pest Control?operation, said the images did exist in the real world, but refused to say where they were.?

More London 2012 coverage from NBCNews.com

A dispute with a London graffiti legend known as King Robbo and perhaps some jealousy at Banksy's success mean some graffiti artists will paint over his work where they can find it, a London street art source told NBCNews.com.

For other street artists, the risk is mainly from the authorities.

Corporate clown lasted six days
An artist known as Mau Mau painted an image of Ronald McDonald with sponsors' names on his costume and an Olympic torch belching out black smoke over the Olympic rings on a wall in Ealing, West London. The local authorities painted over it six days later, he told NBCNews.com, despite the wall belonging to a friend of his.

In 1940 and 1941 Adolf Hitler had vowed to break London's resolve by targeting the factories and warehouses in the East End. But the land that had once been pulverized is now home to a thriving financial center and the London 2012 Olympic Park. NBC's Brian Williams reports.

Mau Mau said he came up with the idea after the Olympic torch relay went past his studio in the Devon area of western England and he "could barely see the torch" because of trucks emblazoned with corporate logos.

"I love to watch sport," Mau Mau said, refusing to give his real name. "I love to see Usain Bolt run the 100 meters ? It's lovely to see lots of countries together competing.

"I don't see that as negative at all, it's more the branding side of things. I think it should be run more ethically? it should be more for the people and less about huge corporations," he added.

Leave the big hat! 10 things you can't bring to the Olympics

Teddy Baden, 32, painted the image of one of the Olympic mascots and the overly amorous dog to poke fun at the Olympics in a "non-malicious" way, he said.

"It becomes such a serious thing sometimes," he said, adding that he hoped the image would appeal to the "English sense of humor."

London has become a giant melting pot of cultures and nationalities, but it's not immediately apparent to tourists. The double-dip recession has hit diverse neighborhoods especially hard. NBC's Stephanie Gosk reports.

"We always support the underdog in sport, and we can take a pop at things and have a laugh at ourselves ... it's just a bit of fun," he said.

'Welcome to London, it's gray'
Lee Bofkin, co-founder of Global Street Art, which finds walls that artists are allowed to paint and keeps an archive of images, told NBCNews.com that the "vast majority of [street] art has been satirical, sending up the Olympics, noting its heavy-handed corporate presence, and just sort of generally poking fun."

He expressed disappointment that some art had been painted over, citing a wall in Plaistow, East London, a popular spot for street artists that was until recently covered with art.

"A few weeks ago, it was completely painted gray," Bofkin said. "It's a shame. We're saying to tourists 'Welcome to London, it's gray,' rather than 'Welcome to London, it's colorful.'"

An actor from gangster movie "Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels" is giving walking tours of old underworld haunts in East London, where this month's Olympic Games are being held. NBC's Theresa Cook reports.

The Keep Britain Tidy campaign group once opposed all kinds of graffiti or unauthorized painting on buildings, but no longer.

?What we have a problem with is low-grade ?tagging,? that kind of graffiti ? that?s just horrible and makes places look unloved,? Helen Bingham, a spokesperson for the group, told NBCNews.com. ?We have less of a problem with Banksy-esque street art.?

She said ultimately local people should decide if they wanted an image preserved or removed, but admitted it was a tricky subject.

?One person?s art is another person?s abomination ? of all the issues we deal with, it?s the most difficult," Bingham said.

More world stories from NBC News:

News on NBCNews.com on Twitter and Facebook

?

Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/01/13052620-good-bad-or-ugly-banksy-other-street-artists-paint-what-olympics-means-to-them?lite

asteroid mining memorial day ivan rodriguez planetary resources mothers day gift ideas natalee holloway scotty mccreery

Are Butterflies Two Different Animals in One? The Death And Resurrection Theory

Updated Aug. 2, 2012: We have added an update to this post, which you can find below the original. Click here to read it.


Here's a dangerous, crazy thought from an otherwise sober (and very eminent) biologist, Bernd Heinrich. He's thinking about moths and butterflies, and how they radically change shape as they grow, from little wormy, caterpillar critters to airborne beauties. Why, he wondered, do these flying animals begin their lives as wingless, crawling worms? Baby ducks have wings. Baby bats have wings. Why not baby butterflies?

His answer ? and I'm quoting him here ? knocked me silly.

"[T]he radical change that occurs," he says, "does indeed arguably involve death followed by reincarnation."

What?

So he says it again: "[T]he adult forms of these insects are actually new organisms."

I'm sorry. Maybe I didn't hear that right ...

"In effect, the animal is a chimera, an amalgam of two, where the first one lives and dies ... and then the other emerges."

What he's saying is, while a moth appears to be one animal, with a wormy start and a flying finish, it's actually two animals ? two in one! We start with a baby caterpillar that lives a full life and then dies, dissolves. There's a pause. Then a new animal, the moth, springs to life, from the same cells, reincarnated.

According to this theory, long, long ago, two very different animals, one destined to be wormy, the other destined to take wing, accidently mated, and somehow their genes learned to live side-by-side in their descendants. But their genes never really integrated. They are sharing a DNA molecule like two folks sharing a car, except half way through the trip, one driver dissolves and up pops his totally different successor. Driver No. 2 emerges from the body of driver No. 1.

Really?

When this theory was first proposed (not by Bernd, but by an English zoologist), eminent scientists scoffed.

Said Duke biologist Fred Nijhout, this idea fits better in "The National Enquirer than the National Academy (of Sciences)." Said paleontologist Conrad Labandiera, "You must be kidding!"

But Donald Williamson, a zoologist from the University of Liverpool in England, wasn't kidding. And if Bernd Heinrich is now warming to this notion, it's time to take a closer look at Death And Resurrection in insects.

The Death And Resurrection Cycle?

Many insects begin life as worm-shaped, leggy, tubular thingies that spend lots of time eating. We call them grubs or maggots or caterpillars, and they are programmed by a set of genes that sit in their DNA, spelled out in chemical letters, A, C, T and G.

Notice I've put my "caterpillar" instruction genes on the left side of the DNA. The instructions on the right side are, temporarily, silent.

So the caterpillar grows and grows until one day, it spins itself a silk coverlet (a cocoon) or a harder pupa or chrysalis container that dangles off a twig and it goes ... well, silent.

This phase is, as Heinrich puts it, "a deathlike intermission." Inside, these caterpillars shrink, shed their skin, their organs dissolve. Their insides turn to mush. Most of their cells die. But lurking in the goo are a few cells (the so-called adult or "imaginal" cells) that at this moment jump into action, reorganize all the free-floating proteins and other nutrients and turn what was once caterpillar into ... here comes the resurrection ... a moth!

What's happened, says Heinrich, is that the caterpillar section of the DNA has been turned off, and the butterfly instructions have been turned on.

"[T]here are indeed two very different sets of genetic instructions at work," he writes, and this switch, turning "caterpillar" off, turning "butterfly" on, means that "most of one body dies and the new life is resurrected in a new body."

Two In One

There is no controversy about the mechanics I just described; it's the explanation that's new and controversial. The old view was that over millions of years, animals evolved this habit of switching from one set of instructions to the other. The new view is that this is not one animal gradually changing shape, but rather instructions for two different animals sandwiched together and this change is so radical, says Bernd, "with no continuity from one to the next, that the adult forms of these insets are actually new organisms."

A caterpillar is born and dies; a butterfly is resurrected from its juices.

It's a stunning idea. (But with all kinds of problems: How to explain two very different creatures from different ancient species "mating"? Usually, they can't do that. How do you get DNA to not mix, so that the two creatures stay distinct? How do you define "death"?)

But still, I can't stop thinking about this. If cross-species matings were once possible, who knows what you could die and turn into? Could dandelions dream of becoming spruce trees? Could tadpoles, instead of morphing into frogs, become catfish? This is silly, I know, but radical metamorphoses, from tadpoles to frogs, maggots to flies, grubs to beetles, remain largely mysterious, so new explanations are intriguing, even if they startle. (Especially if they startle.)


On The Other Hand...

By ROBERT KRULWICH

I have a post-script to this blog. Yes, Bernd Heinrich is intrigued by Donald Williamson's Death and Resurrection thesis, and yes the strangeness of this theory makes it fun to write about. But there is, of course, an alternate possibility: that this idea is just plain wrong. I mentioned that Donald Williamson's paper was very controversial when it was first published. It still is. A few hours after this post went up, I was sent a critique of Williamson's work written by two Texas scientists, Michael Hart and Richard Grosberg.

They think there is no credible evidence for this idea of ancient mating between different species, and that, to summarize their view, they think Williamson's theory is scientifically indefensible. So far, however, Williamson's original paper has not been retracted, which is what happens when an idea is so off, or so insupportable that it is no longer scientifically plausible. (However another subsequent Williamson paper ? describing another possible ancient mating ? has been retracted from a different journal.)

So, what we have here is one of my favorite scientists embracing an idea that a great many other scientists find noxious and wrong. "You must be kidding!" is still the cry from many men and women who do cell and developmental biology for a living. Eventually, somebody's face will be red. Maybe Bernd's. Maybe the other guys'. That's how science works. But I think you should know that wondering about butterflies and moths can get feisty.


Bernd Heinrich discusses death and resurrection in his new book, Life Everlasting, the Animal Way of Death. His descriptions are often very gripping. Several earlier posts, an essay on chalk, another on vultures, came from this book.

Source: http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2012/08/01/157718428/are-butterflies-two-different-animals-in-one-the-death-and-resurrection-theory?ft=1&f=1007

sean young arrested matt kenseth bridge to nowhere primary results dale earnhardt jr michigan primary school shooting

Russia launches ship on same-day trip to space station

A robotic Russian cargo ship launched toward the International Space Station Wednesday to deliver a fresh load of supplies and test a new same-day docking plan that, if successful, will make it the first spacecraft ever to arrive at the orbiting lab within hours of liftoff.

The unmanned Progress 48 cargo ship blasted off atop a Soyuz rocket at 3:35 p.m. EDT (1935 GMT) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in central Asia. It was early Thursday morning local time at the site of the Russian spaceport. Since the spacecraft is attempting a novel same-day rendezvous and docking maneuver, it should arrive at the space station roughly six hours after liftoff, NASA officials said.

If everything goes according to plan, Progress 48 will arrive at the space station tonight at 9:24 p.m. EDT (0124 GMT Aug. 2). The robotic spacecraft will automatically park at the Pirs docking compartment on the Russian segment of the outpost.

  1. Space news from NBCNews.com

    1. A rise and fall that's out of this world

      Science editor Alan Boyle's blog: Students create a high-altitude balloon experiment that's as notable for the way it fell as for the images and scientific data it captured during its rise.

    2. Apollo moon landing flags still standing
    3. Inmates build satellite parts for NASA
    4. How NASA launched the 2012 Olympics

Russia is aiming to eventually implement this same-day docking plan for future manned flights of Soyuz space capsules to the International Space Station.?

"They're looking to eventually take this into the Soyuz phase," Dan Harman, NASA's space station manager of operations and integration, said in a news briefing last week. "If you can get the crew to orbit in six hours and onboard the International Space Station, that could be a tremendous benefit over the two-plus days it takes today." [ Photos: Russia's 1st Same-Day Cargo Ship Flight to Space Station ]

Shortening the orbital chase
Progress and Soyuz vehicles typically spend two days chasing the space station in orbit after launch. A quicker arrival to the orbiting complex could cut down the overall amount of consumables ? such as food, water and fuel ? needed for the onboard crew.

Docking to the station within hours of launch also minimizes the amount of time the astronauts spend inside the small Soyuz capsule, which could improve the comfort of the spaceflyers, said space station flight director Chris Edelen.

"The quicker rendezvous that you have, the less consumables you would need for the first day, and the better crew comfort in a small capsule," he said.

If Progress 48 is unable to carry out the same-day rendezvous and docking, Russian flight engineers have the option of reverting back to the normal two-day procedure, NASA officials said. In that case, Progress 48 would arrive at the space station Friday (Aug. 3).

The idea of arriving at a destination on the same day as launch is not a new one. NASA first tested the same-day rendezvous procedures between spacecraft in the mid-1960s during the agency's Gemini program.

"This is actually old technology," Edelen explained. "Our first ground-up rendezvous on the Gemini program was a Flight Day 1 rendezvous, and the Russians have done this before, so it's sort of a back to the future."

Conducting same-day procedures, however, requires extremely precise calculations and also limits the flexibility of available launch times.

"It does impose more constraints on the geometry ? the orbital mechanics ? of the launch, because you have less time to catch up to the space station," Edelen said. "You've got to basically launch and be in the right spot, and the space station has to be in the right spot."

The Progress 48 cargo freighter is hauling 2 tons of food, clothing and supplies for the crew of the International Space Station. There are currently six spaceflyers who are living and working aboard the massive orbiting laboratory: Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka, Yuri Malenchenko and Sergei Revin, NASA astronauts Joe Acaba and Sunita Williams, and Japanese astronaut Akihiko Hoshide.

A new visiting spacecraft
The Progress 48 spacecraft will haul 2 tons of food, clothing and supplies for the station's six-person Expedition 32 crew. Station commander Gennady Padalka, of the Russian Federal Space Agency, will oversee Progress 48's launch and docking.

These spaceflyers, who make up the space station's Expedition 32 crew, will monitor the Progress vehicle's rendezvous and docking. The disposable cargo ship is expected to remain attached to the station for several months, before it is filled with trash and intentionally sent to burn up during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere.

NASA Television will broadcast live coverage of the Progress 48's arrival at the International Space Station tonight beginning at 8:45 p.m. EDT (0045 GMT Aug. 2). You can watch NASA's live webcast of the Progress 48 launch and docking here: http://www.nasa.gov/ntv

Follow Denise Chow on Twitter @denisechow? or SPACE.com@Spacedotcom.We're also on Facebook & Google+ .

? 2012 Space.com. All rights reserved. More from Space.com.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/48449715/ns/technology_and_science-space/

in plain sight hunger games movie review bats hunger games review jeff saturday jason smith jon corzine

Wednesday, August 1, 2012

Pinterest Effect: Pinfluencer Raises $1.4 Million For Its Pinterest Analytics Platform Before Today?s Public Debut

pinterest-logo6Pinfluencer, as you may have guessed by its name, is a newly launched startup offering an analytics solution for the up-and-coming social network Pinterest. Prior to today's public debut, several brands have been using the service in private testing, including 1-800-FLOWERS.com, GNC, HauteLook, Piperlime, Rent the Runway, Minted, Beau-coup, Shop It To Me, and wikiHow. Alongside the launch, the company is also announcing it has closed on $1.4 million in seed funding in a round led by Freestyle Capital and Baseline Ventures, and which included investment from angel investors Jess Engle (former CEO and co-founder of CoTweet) and Mark Ghermezian (Appboy CEO, and whose family owns?Mall of America), and others.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/Vkt2sufxbtM/

nfl cruise ship italy patriots broncos game saints willis mcgahee willis mcgahee ship aground off italy

Check Out These Great Tips On Quitting Smoking ?

Have true faith in the fact that you can quit smoking. You must believe it in order truly quit. You can?t go into it half-heartedly. Consider all the tough things you have accomplished in other aspects of your life, and use those memories to fuel your full commitment to stopping smoking.

Do not try to start smoking without first developing a plan. Your life has probably been ruled by cigarettes for quite some time. A life without cigarettes will require adjustments in your life. Deciding what you are going to do about cravings, avoiding triggers, and setting your quit date are all essential components of a successful plan for quitting.

If you discover that gradually quitting your smoking isn?t working for you, then try completely quitting altogether. Lots of smokers discover that the only method they can quit for good is immediately stopping their smoking. You must find the method that works best for you, whether that?s gradually quitting or immediately quitting.

Find ways to keep your body and mind busy when you quit smoking. Take up walking as this will also help you get in better shape. Another great idea to keep your hands busy is to find a hobby. Learn to sew, knit or learn woodworking. You won?t have time to think about cigarettes when you stay busy.

Use your children as a motivating factor in quitting smoking, and do it now. Statistics show that parents who smoke are much more likely to have children who smoke. Not only will this potentially be a lifelong habit that can cause them serious health problems, but they can also lose a measure of respect for you as someone who cannot control their own behavior.

To help you quit smoking, just think of all the health risks associated with this habit. There are so many awful diseases you can get from smoking, such as lung disease, emphysema and all types of cancer. So if you want to get healthy and not be sick all the time, think of the bad things that can occur if you continue to smoke.

Keep mints or hard candies in your desk drawer to help you overcome cravings while at work. Smokers get used to having something in their mouths, so sometimes this type of candy can help satisfy your cravings. You can also chew gum to help reduce cravings if your workplace allows you to do so.

Do not neglect to look at alternate methods to stop smoking, including natural remedies. Acupuncture is not proven scientifically, but many have benefited from this method. It is typically applied to areas around your ears. Make sure that you choose a practitioner who is certified by the American Academy of Medical Acupuncture.

Try to drink a lot of fruit juice as you begin quitting. The fruit juice will help cleanse your body of all the nicotine that is stored in your system. This will help you better resist cravings that you are bound to get if you do not do this sort of cleanse.

Don?t allow yourself ?just one puff?. The mind can sometimes play tricks on you, especially when you?re trying to give up a habit that you have had for years. Don?t allow yourself to give in to the idea that just one cigarette won?t hurt. It will hurt, and it might just keep you from being able to quit at all.

If you are finding that you aren?t enjoying food and drinks as much as you used to, consider quitting smoking. Smoking can cause damage to the taste buds in your mouth, meaning that you don?t recognize tastes in the same way. If you quit, your taste buds will soon recuperate, meaning you will be able to enjoy your favorite meals once again.

There isn?t a lot of hope if you aren?t at least trying. This article was full of great suggestions and information. Use it and read it as many times as you need. Keep coming back if necessary. Try and try again. Don?t give up until you succeed and you will be so very glad you did.

Alvaro Cutri concentrates on cigarette electronic cigarette

Source: http://all-articles-directory.com/check-out-these-great-tips-on-quitting-smoking/

sun storm fiona apple tri international criminal court ios 5.1 apple tv update new ipad release

Low-cost carbon capture gets X-rayed

ScienceDaily (July 31, 2012) ? Diamond Light Source is being used to improve low cost methods for carbon capture. Scientists from the University of Leeds are using the UK's national synchrotron to investigate the efficiency of calcium oxide (CaO) based materials as carbon dioxide (CO2) sorbents. Their results, published in the journal of Energy & Environmental Science, provide an explanation for one of the key mechanisms involved. This new knowledge will inform efforts to improve the efficiency of this economically viable method of carbon capture and storage.

Current techniques for post-combustion carbon capture filter out CO2 from a power plant's flue gases as they travel up a chimney. The filter is a solvent that absorbs the CO2, before being heated, releasing water vapour and leaving behind the CO2. In pre-combustion, the CO2 is filtered out by use of a catalytic converter before the fossil fuel is burned and the CO2 is diluted by other flue gases. These methods can prevent 80% to 90% of a power plant's carbon emissions from entering the atmosphere.

CaO based materials have a large range of applications including pre- and post-combustion carbon capture technologies and thermochemical fuel upgrading. They are low cost, high abundance, have a large sorption capacity and fast reaction rates during the chemical process. They capture CO2 in the temperature range 400-800 ?C via the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) which can be regenerated with subsequent release of CO2, ready for compression and storage. However, after multiple capture and regeneration cycles, the materials' capacity for capture decreases due to the loss of surface area through sintering, a process that fuses powders together to create a single solid object. Although the surface area can be restored through hydration, the material suffers a reduction in mechanical strength. If these problems can be overcome, CaO based materials could provide a low cost answer for carbon capture on a very large scale.

Led by Dr Valerie Dupont and Dr Tim Comyn from the University of Leeds' Faculty of Engineering, the team carried out a series of experiments on Diamond's High resolution powder diffraction beamline, I11, using intense X-rays to study the carbon capture and hydration process in CaO based materials on the nano-scale. Their observations suggest a mechanism for the interaction between CaO and water during hydration.

Roger Molinder, an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) funded PhD student on the project, describes, "Using the high resolution powder diffraction beamline at the Diamond synchrotron was key to this discovery; conventional X-ray sources such as those found at most Universities in the UK provide data with broad peaks, which do not make this sort of analysis possible. From a rigorous analysis of peak shapes arising from the data, we were able to determine the shape and size of the hydroxide phase, and determine the level of stress. Knowledge of these derived parameters is key to understanding the mechanism of sintering/disintegration."

Concerns about global warming have prompted both national and international efforts to curb CO2 emissions. CaO based materials are a promising candidate for the removal of CO2 from flue gases at temperatures between 400 and 800 ?C from processes such as fossil-fuel combustion. They are also being considered as a means to remove the CO2 that is generated as a result of thermochemical fuel upgrading with biomass sources, which are growing more and more popular as an alternative to fossil fuels. Using CaO based materials for carbon capture is just one of the ways to combat global warming. Since CaO based materials are low cost, there is an economic incentive to solve the problem of surface area loss to potentially turn this into a method for large scale CO2 capture. These recently published results are a promising step towards improving these low cost methods.

Share this story on Facebook, Twitter, and Google:

Other social bookmarking and sharing tools:


Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Leeds.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Roger Axel Molinder, Tim Comyn, Julia E Parker, Nicole S Hondow, Valerie A Dupont. In-situ X-ray diffraction of CaO based CO2 sorbents. Energy & Environmental Science, 2012; DOI: 10.1039/C2EE21779A

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/g_tQWB_REBk/120731134958.htm

aubrey born to run pranks pregnancy test april fools day 2012 ja rule amityville horror